Composition of Nonextractable Polyphenols from Sweet Cherry Pomace Determined by DART-Orbitrap-HRMS and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Potential Antioxidant, Antiaging, and Neuroprotective Activities.

Sweet cherry pomace is an important source of phenolic compounds with beneficial health properties. As after the extraction of phenolic compounds, a phenolic fraction called nonextractable polyphenols (NEPs) remains usually retained in the extraction residue, alkaline and acid hydrolyses and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) were carried out in this work to recover NEPs from the residue of conventional extraction from sweet cherry pomace. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiaging, and neuroprotective capacities employing Caenorhabditis elegans was achieved for the first time. Extractable phenolic compounds and NEPs were separated and identified by families by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with UV/Vis detection. A total of 39 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in all extracts by direct analysis in real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-Orbitrap-HRMS). EAE extracts presented the highest in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity as well as the highest in vivo antiaging and neuroprotective capacities. These results showed that NEPs with interesting biological properties are retained in the extraction residue, being usually underestimated and discarded.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration of a Mixture of Probiotic Strains in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

The aim of this 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of a probiotic mixture in the reduction of psoriasis severity. Ninety 18-70-year-old adults with plaque psoriasis were randomized into probiotic and placebo groups. At 12-week follow-up, 66.7% of patients in the probiotic group and 41.9% in the placebo group showed a reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index of up to 75% (p < 0.05). A clinically relevant difference was observed in Physician Global Assessment index: 48.9% in the probiotic group achieved a score of 0 or 1, compared with 30.2% in the placebo group. The results of follow-up 6 months after the end of the study showed a lower risk of relapse after the intake of the probiotic mixture. Analysis of gut microbiota confirmed the efficacy of the probiotic in modulation of the microbiota composition.

Biotecnología de alimentos: de los transgénicos a la nutrición personalizada / Food biotechnology: from genetically modified foods to personalized nutrition

La biotecnología de alimentos es un arma de mejora milenaria en la agroalimentación. Buena parte de lo que comemos ha sufrido mejora biotecnológica, aunque muchas veces lo desconozcamos. La última generación de esta mejora son los alimentos transgénicos, sujetos a una gran controversia social, fundamentalmente en la Unión Europea. En la actualidad, su uso implica un menor impacto ambiental y una mayor ganancia para el agricultor, por lo que, gusten o no, muy probablemente se impondrán. Aún así, no es la única posibilidad de uso de la biotecnología en la agroalimentación. En este sentido, el empleo de la genómica abre posibilidades excitantes. La secuenciación de genomas está permitiendo adquirir un mayor conocimiento molecular de las materias primas de los alimentos, lo que sin duda favorecerá el diseño futuro de nuevos alimentos más seguros y eficaces. Pero, además, la genómica permite estudiar los microrganismos presentes en el cuerpo humano. Aquellos que pueblan el tracto digestivo, el llamado microbioma digestivo, son particularmente interesantes para nuestra alimentación. Estamos empezando a entender su papel en la salud y en la enfermedad. Con ello se abren posibilidades de intervención nutricional con probióticos y prebióticos que marcarán en buena medida el futuro de la alimentación y la salud

Food biotechnology is a weapon of millenary improvement in the agri-food sector. Most of our foods have been improved using biotechnological tools, although many times we do not know it. The latest generation of this update are the so-called genetically modified foods that are subject to great social controversy, mainly in the European Union. At present, its use implies a lower environmental impact and a greater income for the farmer, for what most probably they will prevail. Still, it is not the only possibility of using biotechnology in the agri-food sector. In this sense, the use of genomics opens up exciting possibilities. The sequencing of genomes is allowed in the knowledge of the raw materials of foods. But in addition, genomics is studying the microorganisms present in the human body. Those that populate the digestive tract, the so-called gut microbiome, is very important for our diet. We are beginning to understand their role in health and disease. This opens possibilities of nutritional intervention with probiotics and prebiotics that largely mark the future of food and health

[Food biotechnology: from genetically modified foods to personalized nutrition]. / Biotecnología de alimentos: de los transgénicos a la nutrición personalizada.

Food biotechnology is a weapon of millenary improvement in the agri-food sector. Most of our foods have been improved using biotechnological tools, although many times we do not know it. The latest generation of this update are the so-called genetically modified foods that are subject to great social controversy, mainly in the European Union. At present, its use implies a lower environmental impact and a greater income for the farmer, for what most probably they will prevail. Still, it is not the only possibility of using biotechnology in the agri-food sector. In this sense, the use of genomics opens up exciting possibilities. The sequencing of genomes is allowed in the knowledge of the raw materials of foods. But in addition, genomics is studying the microorganisms present in the human body. Those that populate the digestive tract, the so-called gut microbiome, is very important for our diet. We are beginning to understand their role in health and disease. This opens possibilities of nutritional intervention with probiotics and prebiotics that largely mark the future of food and health.

La biotecnología de alimentos es un arma de mejora milenaria en la agroalimentación. Buena parte de lo que comemos ha sufrido mejora biotecnológica, aunque muchas veces lo desconozcamos. La última generación de esta mejora son los alimentos transgénicos, sujetos a una gran controversia social, fundamentalmente en la Unión Europea. En la actualidad, su uso implica un menor impacto ambiental y una mayor ganancia para el agricultor, por lo que, gusten o no, muy probablemente se impondrán. Aún así, no es la única posibilidad de uso de la biotecnología en la agroalimentación.En este sentido, el empleo de la genómica abre posibilidades excitantes. La secuenciación de genomas está permitiendo adquirir un mayor conocimiento molecular de las materias primas de los alimentos, lo que sin duda favorecerá el diseño futuro de nuevos alimentos más seguros y eficaces. Pero, además, la genómica permite estudiar los microrganismos presentes en el cuerpo humano. Aquellos que pueblan el tracto digestivo, el llamado microbioma digestivo, son particularmente interesantes para nuestra alimentación. Estamos empezando a entender su papel en la salud y en la enfermedad. Con ello se abren posibilidades de intervención nutricional con probióticos y prebióticos que marcarán en buena medida el futuro de la alimentación y la salud.

Effect of Oral Administration of a Mixture of Probiotic Strains on SCORAD Index and Use of Topical Steroids in Young Patients With Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Oral intake of new probiotic formulations may improve the course of atopic dermatitis (AD) in a young population. Objective: To determine whether a mixture of oral probiotics is safe and effective in the treatment of AD symptoms and to evaluate its influence on the use of topical steroids in a young population. Design, Setting, and Participants: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial, from March to June 2016, at the outpatient hospital Centro Dermatológico Estético de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. Observers were blinded to patient groupings. Participants were children aged 4 to 17 years with moderate atopic dermatitis. The groups were stratified and block randomized according to sex, age, and age of onset. Patients were ineligible if they had used systemic immunosuppressive drugs in the previous 3 months or antibiotics in the previous 2 weeks or had a concomitant diagnosis of intestinal bowel disease or signs of bacterial infection. Interventions: Twelve weeks with a daily capsule containing freeze-dried powder with 109 total colony-forming units of the probiotic strains Bifidobacterium lactis CECT 8145, B longum CECT 7347, and Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104 and maltodextrin as a carrier, or placebo (maltodextrin-only capsules). Main Outcomes and Measures: SCORAD index score and days of topical steroid use were analyzed. Results: Fifty children (26 [50%] female; mean [SD] age, 9.2 [3.7] years) participated. After 12 weeks of follow-up, the mean reduction in the SCORAD index in the probiotic group was 19.2 points greater than in the control group (mean difference, -19.2; 95% CI, -15.0 to -23.4). In relative terms, we observed a change of -83% (95% CI, -95% to -70%) in the probiotic group and -24% (95% CI, -36% to -11%) in the placebo group (P < .001). We found a significant reduction in the use of topical steroids to treat flares in the probiotic arm (161 of 2084 patient-days [7.7%]) compared with the control arm (220 of 2032 patient-days [10.8%]; odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.78). Conclusions and Relevance: The mixture of probiotics was effective in reducing SCORAD index and reducing the use of topical steroids in patients with moderate AD. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02585986.